The most commonly utilized stimuli, including light, pH, temperature, ions, and electric and magnetic fields, are discussed in detail. This review summarizes and discusses important developments and achievements in stimuli-responsive membranes. Further conferring membranes with stimuli responsiveness can allow them to dynamically tune their pore structure and/or surface properties for efficient separation performance. Membranes have been extensively studied and applied in various fields owing to their high energy efficiency and small environmental impact.
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